Margaret Thatcher: Creating a Neoliberal Culture Essay

Margaret Thatcher had a resounding career as a Prime Minister in Britain. She was loved and hated for her strong handed nature to politics. She drove down unemployment and brought Britain out of a recession through utilizing neoliberal policies. Thatcher increased the power of the private sector with a reduction of government regulation and privatization of public facilities. She took charge at creating a culture that was focused on the individual. Lastly she battled any unions, which sought to challenge the neoliberal values she was fostering. In order to claim Margaret Thatcher as a neoliberal, a solid definition of neoliberalism is needed. The ideology of neoliberalism is grounded in individual freedom. In order to achieve this, neoliberals ask for a system of government that is minimal. There should be almost no regulations that aim at restricting an individual’s freedom (Hall 2011 11). This allows people to act as free agents in accordance to their personal aspirations. To supplement this goal there is a desire for open, competitive and unregulated markets. State-led social engineering must never prevail over corporate and private interests.(Hall 2011 10-11) Capitalism as a market system provides freedom from state intervention and social collectivities. Stuart Hall states how Neoliberals see this â€Å"as the optimal mechanism to social-economic development,† (Hall 2011 11). They want to provide equality of opportunity and understand that this has a propensity to create inequality. This inequality is seen as a necessary evil in the creation of freedom, and ask that government not make any attempts to ameliorate the gap between people. The government’s role comes to the provision of securing the freedom of the people it sees over (Hall 2011 11). It does this through various things such as state guided military, police force, and law that protects private contracts. These state facilities protect the individuals and allow them to operate within the state. Neoliberalism is an ideology that acts to create individuals free to make choice and to succeed or fail by them. One of the main facets of neoliberalism is the reduction of government to  minimal levels. When Margaret Thatcher took office in 1979 she was determined to separate herself from the more socialist values of past leaders. Thatcher immediately sought to reduce power of the government in the private sector through flotation of government owned facilities. There where a series of small sell offs and then in 1984 the privatization of British Telecom proved hugely successful at reducing public debt. Then in 1987 opened the floodgates with the privatization of British Airways, Rolls-Royce, British Airports Authority, and later British steel (Hall 2011room and Sylvia 2011). After this Thatcher also was able to privatize British oil companies. She even privatized utilities such as water and electricity (Moore 2011). Besides the privatization of organizations, she also removed regulations on private corporations. The fair wages resolution created a wage floor that restricted the ability of corporations to pay competitive wages (Robertson 1986 288). In 1983 the government removed this resolution, opening a large gap in this wage floor (Robertson 1986 288). The Employment Act of 1975 gave workers the ability to submit low wage claims for government arbitration. Thatcher removed this with her updated Employment Act of 1980 (Robertson 1986 286). She was even willing to work around the law to increase the power of corporations When unable to make reparations to council law on minimum wages, she introduced the Young Workers Scheme (Robertson 1986 287). This grated subsidies to employers who paid less then legal minimum wage to workers 18 and younger (Robertson 1986 287). After the YWS was phased out she continued to avoid law with the New Workers Scheme (Robertson 1986 287). She provided government subsidies of  £20 to workers between the ages of eighteen and twenty who were paid less than  £80 per-week (Robertson 1986 287). This allows corporations to set prices lower than legal and incentives workers to take those positions. Along with increasing the strength of the private sector, Margaret Thatcher wanted to change British culture to be more in line with neoliberalism. She did this by promoting individual values and the reduction of state dependency. In Thatcher’s own words, â€Å"There is no such thing as society. There is only the individual and his family,† (Hall 2011 11). One of the first things she did was instate the Enterprise Allowance Scheme (Robertson 1986 288). This replaced employment benefits by giving  £40 a week to 65,000  people and then a  £1000 if they start their own business. This promotes individuals to create their own solutions in an economic environment that was riddled with unemployment. She then went on to make unemployment even less appealing by cutting benefits offered to real values not seen since 1951 (Robertson 1986 288). Thatcher had even raised the idea of refusing supplemental benefits to youth who didn’t register for jobs or job training, but had to back off when faced with accusation that this would be tantamount to conscription (Robertson 1986 289). These reforms had the effect of raising self-employed citizens to ten percent, declared by Britain’s Department of Employment (Jenkins 2007 164). Britain’s rank in economic freedom and entrepreneurial welcome has risen from 15th in 1989 to 1st in 1990 (Jenkins 2007 164). The above references show that Thatcher was trying to, and in many ways succeeded in creating a culture of individualism and self responsibility in Britain A source of resistance to the culture she had created was worker unions. Margaret Thatcher goes on to dismantle union power and stands cold faced and firm against any resistance they show. There are several key years in Thatcher’s battle against unions. In 1980, 1982, and 1984 there were a series of acts that undermined union economic and political power (Robertson 1986 286). The Employment Acts in 1980 and 1982 served to strip legal rights from unions such as secondary picketing and sympathy strikes. In 1982 there was an act that relaxed rules to unfair dismissal. What it did was to exempt small businesses from rules that enabled workers to file unfair dismissal claims if they had less than two years of service (Robertson 1986 286). She even went to try and extend this exemption to all business in 1985 (Robertson 1986 286). In response some unions organized strikes to confront Thatcher’s crackdown. The most well known attempt was the miners’ union organizing a strike that lasted for over a year (Moore 2011). Throughout this Thatcher did not relent any of her conditions or regulations. In the end the union gave in and the strike broke (Moore 2011). Throughout her time in office the yearly money lost to days of strike fell from 29.5 million to 1.9 million (Moore 2011). Margaret Thatcher drove union membership down sixteen percent between I979 and I984 (Robertson 1986 287), showing that she was further driving Britain into  Neoliberal ideals Some people have suggested that Margaret Thatcher’s assault on government and claimed her to be as far right as libertarian. The previously stated quote â€Å"there is no such thing as society. There is only the individual and his (sic) family,† (Hall 2011 11) is a radically right saying people could point towards. Also her privatization of essential goods and services such as water points towards a far right standpoint. The difference between neoliberal and libertarian mainly comes down to degree. This means that both are right aligned, holding a focus on freeing of people and reducing government. It should be held that Margaret Thatcher is not as far right as libertarian. Though she took Britain along with her in a huge sweet politically in that direction, she held some key businesses as private for the benefit of Britain’s economic well being. She also did not really undermine the post-war welfare consensus. She retained such public sector giants as the NHS, British Rail, the Post Office (Jenkins 2007 162). These could have been privatized, but it was held that doing this could hurt Britain economically. A libertarian would have to cut these as they are not seen as being responsible to the state. She also kept the structure of social welfare and benefits (Jenkins 2007 162). Though she did restrict funding and brought it down in degree, a libertarian would have eliminated such state run benefits For these reasons Thatcher is politically right, but not to the degree of libertarianism. Margaret Thatcher’s career as a Prime Minister in Britain was controversial at best. She took to neoliberal values to drive down unemployment and foster economic profit in Britain Thatcher stripped the public sector of many of its organizations and then cutting government regulations to increase the power of the private sector. She sought to create a culture in Britain around the individual and their responsibility to their own success. She also broke down unions as they stood to fight against the neoliberal culture she had created. This is why Margaret Thatcher is a neoliberal. References Robertson, David. 1986. â€Å"Mrs. Thatcher’s Employment Prescription: An Active Neo-Liberal Labor Market Policy† Journal of Public Policy. 6: 275-296. Groom, Brian. And Pfeifer, Sylvia. 2011. â€Å"Privatisation defined Thatcher era.† http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/docview/909517457 (November 21, 2012). Hall, Stuart. 2011. â€Å"The neoliberal revolution: Thatcher, Blair, Cameron – the long march of neoliberalism continues.†Soundings. 48: 9-27. Moore, Charles. 2011. â€Å"The Invincible Mrs. Thatcher.† http://go.galegroup.com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA276179927&v=2.1&u=ucalgary&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w (November 21, 2012). Jenkins, Simon. 2007. â€Å"Thatcher’s Legacy.† Political Studies Review. 5: 161-171.

Qualifications Or Experience Essay

Qualifications should be given more importance than experience when recruiting staff. Agree or disagree? Recruiting the correct individual for the correct job position is a key factor influencing the productivity of the organization and its success. There are many arguments about the importance of qualifications over experience for job candidates in deciding who to hire. In my point of view, experience is a greater priority than qualifications since the latter is only raw theoretical information without the knowledge of practical application. My opinion can be explained clearly by the following example: if a person, without any swimming experience, would surf the internet and learn many swimming techniques and guidelines would you expect him to jump in the water and swim like an Olympic swimmer? (Chaplin, 2013) Firstly, experienced Workers have know-how of the job. Experienced professionals have the knowledge of what has to be done. This is because they have encountered the usual situations that the job would expose them to, and they know how to deal with them. Furthermore, they are equ ipped with the necessary skills for the job: they have the technical knowledge to use the necessary technology and equipment. In addition, they also have enough work hours to have sufficient knowledge of the work place culture . Secondly, For certain jobs it is essential for managing crises on day to day bases. In such a case, experience is critical. A highly experienced workforce would be better at handling new and pressing troubles. For instance, familiarity with solutions of meticulous scenarios would come naturally to skilled and experienced employees. Also workers that have prior experience would know how to strive under complex situations and would have the know-how to control the circumstances. Thirdly, Due to having an inexperienced workforce the organization would face many employee loyalty issues and as a result, a high labour turnover which in-turn increases recruitment expenditure which consumes a lot of time that could be used more productively elsewhere. Experienced employees have a tendency to stay with their organization for a larger time. This is so that they would have greater stability and to obtain their wish to achieve a high ranking position within the firm. To save on recruitment expenditures and  for efficient time management experienced workers would be  Fourthly, even without proper qualifications employees do get hired. This is due to the fact that large organizations do their own â€Å"on-the-job† training with new employees to increase their job productivity and efficiency significantly. The American Society for Training and Development (ASTD) informs that under $1500 for each worker was used up for training during 1996. The major fraction of that (49 percent) was used up for technical and expert training. This money could be used for investments rather than training. Besides, even if the employee does or does not possess the qualifications, he/she would undergo the training process to standardize the quality of job performance amongst the workers.   Lastly, experienced employees would bring a lot of knowledge and clientele from rival competitors. This would mean instant revenue for the organization. Moreover, they would be capable of meeting deadlines with greater efficiency and productivity because of their wealth of experience. Furthermore, the experienced employee would be more aware of methods that contribute to a higher customer satisfaction which makes them a worthy investment. Also, there are always quarrels between employees that reduce their focus on the job. This usually does not occur with experienced employees since they are generally more mature in the work place. (Howe and Howe, 2013) Nevertheless, in certain jobs and work environments, inexperience is considered a merit. Employees with low experience would not have hard-wired views established by prior incidents. This would make them ideal for employers who like to mold their workers’ thinking. One might object that, an inexperienced worker might break under pressure and fail in controlling the situation. It’s true that, inexperienced workers   work harder to make an impression using out of the box thinking and come up with distinctive methods to solve problems. However, they would not be efficient in their problem solving because they would not have the skills and experience to apply them. Admittedly, inexperienced workers tend to have smaller salaries this means that they are much less expensive compared to experienced workers. In contrast, the firm would eventually pay high training costs for those workers, which means that it would have been more time saving to employ experienced personnel in the first place. It would be further argued that, inexperienced workers tend to have fresh ideas. Alternatively, an inexperienced worker would take very long to come up with a suitable idea for the situation as he or she would not be familiar with scenario due to lack of experience. In conclusion, I would like to restate the points that show the dominance of experience over qualifications. Experienced workers have a greater know how of the task, they are more efficient and productive. They are better suited for crises situations since they have faced those scenarios previously. Also, they are more stable since they aim for a higher job position in the firm. Lastly, the high cost of the experienced worker would result in a lower cost in the long run since there is no need for training and they would most likely make less mistakes. These arguments show supremacy over qualification since there is added knowledge of practical application. It would be highly recommended to have a balance of both experienced and inexperienced workforce to acquire the advantages of both sides†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Howe and Howe, 2013) Howe, T. and Howe, T. 2013. TODAYS TOPIC – Inexperienced Employees Vs Experienced Employees. [online] Available at: http://wearethomas.wordpress.com/2013/03/24/todays-topic-inexperienced-employees-vs-experienced-employees/ [Accessed: 29 Apr 2014]. Ogunjimi, A. 2014. Advantages of Experience VS Inexperience in Jobs | eHow. [online] Available at: http://www.ehow.com/info_7746182_advantages-experience-vs-inexperience-jobs.html [Accessed: 29 Apr 2014] (Chaplin, 2013) Chaplin, G. 2013. Qualification Vs Experience. [online] Available at: http://garychaplin.com/2013/06/27/qualification-vs-experience/ [Accessed: 29 Apr 2014].

Oral health condition of the Maya community Essay

Oral health condition of the Maya community - Essay Example The results of the study showed that missing teeth correlated significantly with age. Gender, religion, income, and education levels were not related significantly related to missing teeth. The samples used had restored their teeth using amalgamated fillings, bridges, full dentures or crowns. Periodontal diseases occur in four stages; 1. Color change on gums, 2. Gums bleed, 3. Gums become sensitive, 4. Oral lesions appear. 45 % of the respondents showed two or more signs while 10% showed all the signs. 16% of the participants showed five symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Most of the respondents did not have access to preventive health. Instead, they used reactionary care that is the extraction of teeth either by themselves or by minimally educated participants. Interviewees had different reactions on tooth extraction. However, a larger percentage preferred tooth extraction since it eliminated acute pain. 54 respondents were aware that failing to brush their teeth was a cause of their teeth problems. The level of healthcare among the respondents was dependent on their income level. The respondents either visited an odontology or a dentist depending on how much money they had. The condition in the two differed in terms of qualification of the doctor, equipment, workspace and even aesthetic appearance of the facility. Some respondents found it expensive to purchase toothbrushes. Moreover, they could not afford dental care and thus waited until their teeth fell off.

Managing Expansion Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Managing Expansion Change - Case Study Example A significant problem is that customers make regular complaints about service at the hotel. Moreover, the hotel has accrued significant debts, meaning that it has been operating below the break-even point. The aforementioned problems comprise part of what PDR Hotel & Resorts will inherit when it finally gets acquisition rights for Mortloch Hotel. To begin with, PDR Hotel & Resorts will have to make a turn around in the quality of services in order to boost customer confidence in the hotel. Secondly, PDR Hotel & Resorts will have to develop mechanisms to improve service delivery, among them deploying qualified personnel in the various departments who will embrace excellent human resource management skills. Thirdly, the group will have to focus on the customers' complaints and provide solutions since customers are the cornerstone of success of any business organization. Additionally, PDR Hotel & Resorts has to look into ways of solving any problems that arise due to debts. The significance of the above problems is that PDR Hotel & Resorts plans to buy Mortloch Hotel as part of its expansion programme, yet it is evident that the hotel currently has a clouded image. If the purchase is not critically appraised, PDR Hotel & Resorts may end up tarnishing its reputation in case the trend at the hotel continues even after the group acquires it. Therefore, when PDR Hotel & Resorts eventually acquires Mortloch Hotel, the group will have to prove indisputably that the hotel is in deed under new management, with new services that will leave customers craving to make subsequent visits. In order to facilitate an effective and problem-specific structure to increase revenue, it is imperative to improve quality and service while minimizing the running costs in order to eliminate debt. The theme of research on the process therefore lies around improving the customer base, staff management, service delivery, and ultimately, revenue collection and expenditure. There has to be a clear pattern of accountability in all departments in order to improve customer-staff relations. Additionally, the management has to work towards common objectives in order to improve service delivery and staff morale. Marchington and Wilkinson (2005) identified effective human resource management such employee participation as the best way to resuscitate a collapsing organization. This review presents the objectives of investing in Mortloch Hotel, the strategies to overhaul its management and limitations to the programme. Such strategies will include improvement of the hotel's facilities and staff training to boost service delivery. A review of ideas by other authors forms part of the discussion and analysis of ideas in this text. Objective of research As part of investment in an expansion programme that

Death penalty Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Death penalty - Term Paper Example g at sea and crucifixion (Melusky & Pesto 8).Unlike in the present where many people do not witness such punishments, in the past death penalties were done in public. Apart from explaining on various forms of death penalties, the essay will also relay more information on its effects to the society. In the US, before the rise of legal institutions, cases of death penalties were quite rampant in all states. Since there were no modern legal institutions, many crimes ranked as capital whose punishment was death. For instance, in the US, crimes such as rape, kidnapping, arson and forgery were punishable by death (Walker 19). Most of these crimes were punishable by hanging and the process normally took place in public places where everybody would see. In the past, such events were quite common and usually attracted a large number of spectators some of whom came to do business during the occasion (Melusky & Pesto 2). Tens of thousands normally showed up in such events with the intension of viewing the hanging. This changed as from the 1960s when a modern legal institution was set up. To date, there have been numerous debates on the whether sentencing a person to death is justice as claimed. Most legal firms claim that a death penalty is justice only if one has committed a capital crime such as killing another person. Legal officers claim that one ought to receive punishment that is equal to the crime he or she has committed. According to Guernsey (9), even Biblically, an offender was to receive an eye for an eye; this implied that punishment was to fit the crime committed. Studies show that death penalties began in the US around the 1600 when the first English colonialists landed in the US (Guernsey 10). Captain George Kendall went down on record as the first person to die because of a death sentence. According to Melusky and Pesto (7), Captain Kendall was sentenced to death by the firing squad method. This was after an accusation of spying for the Spanish nation

6.1 Annotated Bibliography Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

6.1 Annotated Bibliography Assignment - Essay Example By studying this article, one can best understand the undercurrents that have pushed distance learning into importance and wide application. The article compels the reader to rethink the tenability of calls that distance learning be subjected to rescission. By reading this article, one is able to appreciate the essence, reasons for and advantages of distance learning. The article enriches this study be discussing formal deliberations and resolutions that have been passed by European Union, so that analysts can appreciate the fact that it is not only Americans who are considering the fate of distance learning programs. The article also compels analysts to consider the need to adopt a comprehensive approach that is inclusive of an international scope when appraising and modifying distance learning. In this article, Farajollahi discusses different modalities and frameworks that can be put in place to ensure that distance learning for the tertiary level of education is more effective, less contentious and comports itself worthy of its putative standards. By studying how Turkey has interwoven certain aspects of traditional classes with distance learning, analysts are able to appreciate many viable alternatives to solving the pitfalls of distance learning. Fritts, Jack & Casey, Anne-Marie. â€Å"Who Trains Distance Librarians: A Study of the Training & Development Needs of Distance Learning Librarians.† Journal of Library Administration, 50.5/6 (2010): 617-627. Print The importance of this article to this study is that it attempts to appraise the disputed quality of distance by looking at its most fundamental aspect. This fundamental aspect is the module’s services providers and their level of training. The rationale herein is that if the fundamentals are in order, then the shortcomings of distance learning are secondary or peripheral and can thus be solved. In this article, Karras discounts the notion that distance or virtual

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN BUSINESS - Assignment Example It will argue the fact that constructivist criticism concerning realism is justified. However, this is largely dependent on the alternative procedural decision making process offered by the constructivists. To illustrate this, arguments as well as practical problems that call for constructivist criticism on realism will be analyzed. A common ground between constructivists and realists arises on the question of whether moral concepts possess values of truth. The two groups acknowledge the existence of truth-apt in moral concepts. The difference, however, surfaces about the role of moral concepts as well as what do renders them true. As realists would have it, moral concepts could have values of truth because they illustrate normative entities or facts that exist independently of those concepts themselves. Metaethical constructivists, on the other hand, oppose the fact that all that moral concepts are meant to elaborate the reality. Constructivism may be understood as a different view that the function of a normative concept uses to refer schematically to the solving a practical problem. Contrary to traditional analysis, constructivists’ account of a concept is aimed at working out solutions to problems.   The approaches to moral concepts differ between constructivists and realists in terms of nature. Constructivist have centered their criticism mainly revolving on the radical knowledge that defines the reality as a function of moral concepts. In addition to that, there exists other reproaches against realist views. One of the main questions asked is which phenomenon describes the decision making process better-realism on constructivism based on moral values. The second would be whether one view of the reproaches against another are acceptable. Last but not least, which would be explained further, would be which theory would be more credible and under what conditions. Realist views, on one hand, and constructivists’ views,

Swot analyze Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swot analyze - Essay Example This paper defines the meaning letter in the acronym SWOT and its application to the Vancouver Island University Academic plan. Vancouver Island University has an  academic  plan, which  was created  with an  aim  of focusing the University academic goals to the continued progression of the institution.  This  academic  plan  was drafted  by  a selected  committee to serve as a directive to the development of the institutional academics.  Consequently, internal and the external contexts of the university and the views of members and other stake holders had to be put in to consideration during the making of the plan. The  document  is made  to  act  as a blue print to the  institution  on  certain  priorities and provides recommendations. The strengths of a  plan  are it strong points that  give  the  institution  a competitive  edge  over others and make the  plan  appropriate for the foundation (Hosseini-Nasab, Hosseini-Nasab & Milani, 2011). The Vancouver Island University academic plan  has enjoyed the support of the community since  launching to  current, enabling the  institutional  development  through different stages. The program is directed towards the development of the community, which helps address educational, social and cultural needs of the community. In addition, the plan supports scholarships for students and is focused on the ever changing  need  for  education, therefore  making it suitable for future planning. The academic  plan  like other organizational programs has its weaknesses, which are the short comings of a plan, disadvantages or limitations that reduce the chances of  effective  performance (Ronen & Coman, 2009). Most of the planed goals  require  money  to implement and  hence  the  institution  budgets have to be stretched. It is a lot of job to maintain the operation of the academic plan and at

Pennsylvania Black Bear Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pennsylvania Black Bear - Research Paper Example Those with black color are prevalent in the east while the brown phases from blond to cinnamon are mainly found in the west (Shoemakera 15).An adult male bear weighs between 350 and 500 pounds while a female may have 150 to 250 pounds even though, some male bears go up to 600 pounds occasionally. Black bears rise to about three feet high when standing on all fours and from six to seven feet when upright. The sounds made by bears are distinctive ranging from growls, woofing and jaw popping. The females communicate with their cub through huffs and low grunts while the cubs whimper, chuckle and bawl. Other distinctive features of a black bear are the tracks. The footprints of the hind legs resemble those of man and the toes are five. The front foot of a bear is shorter than the rear foot which is long and narrow. The claws may at times be visible. Black bears are herbivores. They maintain movement mainly at night or early hours of the morning in search of food. They feed on a variety of things such as berries, corn, beechnuts, grass, carrion, honey and insects (Fergus 32). They fatten up before winter for hibernation at the summer and the fall periods during which they take most of the time to feed amount to a close of twenty hours a day and consuming close to 20,000 calories. During winter, they remain dormant and choose to remain in their dens which are made up of rock caverns, excavated holes and hollow trees, underneath trees, dead falls and bushy thickets. The heartbeat during hibernation slows down tremendously and the body temperature drops. At this period, bears do not feed drink or pass body fluids such as urine (Gordon 45). The most prevalent season for mating is between early June and mid- July during which bears become very aggressive to one another. In January, sows give birth mostly to a litter of five. The newly born cubs are toothless, sightless and have less hair that is inadequately distributed on

State Laws versus National supremacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

State Laws versus National supremacy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that federalism is a structure of government with one central government and other smaller units such as states in the United States of America. It is a system of government in which the sovereignty is sub divided into the central government and other constituent units such as provinces or states. State rights refer to the political supremacy set aside for the American state governments other than the federal government in line with the American Constitution. Supremacy Clause is available in Article six of the American national constitution. It states that federal treaties and statutes form the supreme laws of the land and provides that these are the supreme and highest forms of law in the legal system of U.S. and mandates that all state statutes must follow the Federal law whenever a conflict occurs between the state law and federal law. The architects of the New Federalism, a program that permitted states to decisions concerning local iss ues, were George Bush and Ronald Reagan. For 200 years, the relationship between the two governments has shifted more towards the national supremacy, though several observers today believe that the power balance is beginning to stretch out back to the states. One major sign that the national government was growing in the 1960s was the great number of categorical grants that existed during that time. There has been a debate on power distribution between the national government and the U.S. States began as early as 1787 with the founding of the Republic and continues up to today.

The fast food industry Essay Example for Free

The fast food industry Essay The fast food industry has been growing more and more every year. There is a fast food restaurant in every corner. Since fast food is becoming so popular more and more people chose to go to a fast food restaurant daily. Fast food is a continuing growth industry in our country. Fast food restaurants continue to increase their popularity by lowering their prices and providing faster service for their customers. There is a huge competition between fast food restaurants and how they advertise can effect the business. There are many reasons as to why fast food has become so popular. One of the main causes is the simplest of them all, laziness. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is advertisement. There are fast food restaurants being advertised of billboards, at some schools, on the internet, and on television. Most fast food advertisements are directed to young people because they are easily persuaded. According to Haugen, young people in America are bombarded with advertising every day. A young person does not usually think of their health or other important factors that could become of eating fast food constantly, they just think that it’s what they want because they saw it on the television. Haugen states, â€Å"Marketers reach them through commercials on television and also through ads in magazines, on billboards, on the internet and even in the bathroom stalls at school† (Haugen 2008). It seems that there is no escape from fast food marketing for children. It is everywhere they turn. It is sad that advertisement companies have found so many ways to get to children to make them want to consume their product because for most of them it results in obesity. One of the most successful advertisement products comes with the kid’s meal, the toy. Many children insist on their parents buying them that meal, from that particular fast food restaurant, because they want the toy that comes with the kid’s meal. Since fast food has become so popular it has resulted in obesity for many children. The children are drawn to the fast food because of the toys that come with the meal and how it is advertised to be more appealing to children. Since the effect of fast food on children has been so drastic many fast food restaurants now have healthy choice kid meals that come with a toy as well. This could be a great alternative to help children eat healthy. Since many people have such demanding schedules they resort to fast food. According to Simplicity of Thinking, the main cause for the current expanding of fast food restaurants is that they fit with the needed speed of living everywhere (SOT 2011). This means that with an individuals busy schedule they do not have enough time to prepare a meal in the morning so they resort to fast food. An example given states that throughout the day an individual may sometimes resort to fast food more than once in order to make their life easier. Fast food makes it possible to eat on the go and live life uninterrupted. According to Think Free, since the popularity of fast food has grown people have become addicted to fast food. Eating fast food develops the habit and addiction to this kind of food (Rokotmivo 2009). the secret recipes of fast food restaurants have hidden components, regardless if they are healthy of not, they are always included in the meal. This is what makes each fast food restaurant distinct from another and makes you want to return to that same one to get that same taste that you have become addicted to. For example, getting a cheeseburger from Burger King will taste different than ordering a cheeseburger from Carls Jr. even if it is ordered with the exact same condiments. This is because of the secret ingredient that each burger has that sets it apart from other fast food restaurants. When people are addicted to fast food they will find natural and typical food less delicious and no longer satisfies their needs. Having fast food be an easy resort to cooking a meal and taking someones time away from them it has caused it to become more popular and has still effected many people in having a poor diet. Fast food is not just convenient it is also inexpensive. According to Food for Thought, a new national study of eating out and income shows that fast food dining has become more popular with lower income families (FFT 2002). Fast food has become more popular with those of lower income families. With the specials and the great deals like the dollar menu it is less expensive than preparing a meal for some families. This results in more people going to fast food restaurants. If some fruit at a grocery store costs a dollar or sometimes maybe more, people would rather go to a fast food restaurant and get something more filling like a cheeseburger off of the dollar menu. With the economy so bad it is easy to see why many people resort to fast  food over going to the grocery store. It is not only easier but in some cases it is less expensive. One of the main causes for the popularity of fast food is that people are simply lazy. It is true that many people havve the time and the means to cook a decent meal for themselves or their family but they resort to fast food simply because it is an easy alternative. Why is there a need to cook when it would be faster to just go to a fast food restaurant since there is one at almost every corner and order something. The lazy factor of many people has resulted in obesity. Fast food also makes a persons body want to be less inactive. After eating something from McDonald’s an individual would most likely want to take a nap or just relax and watch a movie. The effect that fast food has on the body is never good, whether its laziness or obesity. In conclusion, the cause of the popularity of fast food is great advertisement, its easy and fast, and people are lazy. The effects of fast food has resulted in it being everywhere, whether its advertised on television, on billboards, or in schools, and found on every corner. Fast food has led to many people being obese and addicted to the unhealthy choices they offer. The more popular fast food has gotten the more fast food restaurants are being built to reach the demands of society. Fast food for some people can rule their lives.

Proposal for Inventory System Essay Example for Free

Proposal for Inventory System Essay In today’s global world, access to basic and quality healthcare is crucial and imperative in order to have a good and healthy life. In view of this, access to quality and affordable drugs is a basic raw material in enhancing good and quality healthcare. It is therefore necessary and important to ensure that patients can easily get access to quality, un-expired and affordable drugs for the treatment of their diseases and sicknesses. Most importantly the efficiency with which these services are carried out can go a long way to save lives and improve upon the health status of individuals. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited is a private retail pharmaceutical company established in Ghana and their main focus is to regularly sell pharmaceuticals, skin care products, baby care products and cosmetics to its customers. The company makes continuous efforts to maximize client’s satisfaction by providing good customer service and also segmenting their market so as to enable customers have easy access to their sales outlets. The company has its head office at Kanda and two other branches at west legon and kasowa respectively with their main target groups being the general public. Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. has two major departments namely the Finance/Administrative Department and the Retail Department which are directly under the supervision of the CEO. The company has numerical staff strength of five (5) comprising of a CEO, a superintendent pharmacist, pharmacist, an accountant and a medicine counter assistant. Below is an organogram of Medisol Pharmaceutical company ltd. The Finance/Administrative department which is headed by the accountant handles mainly the financial and administrative tasks of the company. The company’s Retail Department serves as a liaison between Medisol and its customers and is headed by the Medicine Counter Assistant. The main responsibilities of this department are to manage the retail stock, sell items to customers and submit weekly reports to the CEO. Medisol’s operations are solely manual; as our team got to the company we were privileged to speak to the head of the retail department who explained thoroughly to us how the manual process takes place. The process starts with stock purchase where the medicine counter assistant makes a list of all needed items to be bought. This list is sent to their wholesalers for delivery of the items. Upon delivery, the items are crossed checked with the order list made and a sales invoice is then given to Medisol which is then filed in a purchasing file. Items to be sold are arranged on shelves with price tags on each item. Details of items sold are recorded in a sales book. Retail stocks are taken three times in a month and the process used is as follows; -Drugs on the shelves are counted and the quantity is crossed checked with the sales invoice kept in the purchase file(which shows quantity of items bought ), this is done to know the quantity of items sold -The quantity of sold items is then crossed checked from the sales books to further check if the items were really sold, expired or stolen. This process helps them to know how much items have been sold, how much stock is left and also determine whether to make an order or not. Medisol also has a special way of identifying expired drugs so that they won’t be sold to customers, with this the medicine counter assistant prepares a manual list of drugs whose expiry date falls within a particular year hence every six months this list is checked for drugs which have their expiry dates closer or already expired. Those almost about to expire are sold faster while those already expired are cleared from the shelves and discarded. In today’s world it is impossible to compete in the job market without a working knowledge of IT. It is therefore imperative that Medisol Pharmaceutical Company Limited implement and invest into good inventory control management system that have the ability to track, report and replenish stock. This will then improve accuracy and enhance safety and efficiency thereby helping the resale department decrease stock errors. This solution is intended to help the department to manage all transactions of received stocks, price, quantity and invoice. Security of this system will be enhanced, making it impossible for items to be misplaced or stolen. The benefits of the computerized inventory control system to Medisol Pharmaceutical Company ltd. is to make inventory decisions that minimize the total cost of inventory, which is distinctly different from minimizing inventory. It is often more expensive to run out of an item (and thus be forced to obtain it through more expensive channels) than simply to keep more units in stock. Several models have been proposed in the literature for minimizing the total cost of inventory through the use of an economic order quantity, which attempts to balance the carrying costs of inventory with the cost of running out of an item. Most pharmacy inventory decisions involve replenishmenthow much to order, when to decide to order, and when to place the order.

Reading Comprehension Strategies And Reading Skills English Language Essay

Reading Comprehension Strategies And Reading Skills English Language Essay Hammadon (1991) says: Reading comprehension is not just understanding words, sentences, or even texts, but involves a complex interartion of the readers prior knowledge, language profiency and their learning strategies (p.30). So reading strategies are very important to achieve the comprehension. Many types of reading strategies are introduced to guide students of all different levels. However, there were few researchers who investigate the relationship of reading comprehension strategies and reading comprehension of students. At HETC, reading has a key place in any English courses when students study English not only as the interest but also the demand for improving their study and promoting in their careers to achieve the long-term goals, especially some of them were assigned to live and work abroad. In their learning process, almost the students meet great challenges when dealing with the reading texts. They usually do not understand texts and cannot complete the tasks so they fee l tired in reading lessons. Therefore, what are the main causes of this current situation? In order to find out the answer, the researcher started a survey on the reading comprehension strategy use. For teachers at HETC, it is hoped that this study may offer them the ways on how to identify strategies used by the students and then they can decide what they should do to promote their students reading comprehension and in their learning as well. Literature review 2.1. Reading comprehension strategies and reading skills Oxford (1990) gives a detailed definition of language learning strategies: Learning strategies are specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferable to new situations (p.8) and described concretely how learning strategies are applied to the four language skills: listening, speaking, writing and reading. According to her, four strategies: listening strategies, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, or reading strategies are those learning strategies themselves that applied to each of the four skills. Of course, skills and strategies are two big words and common terms of the reading activities, as well. Nutall (1982) pointed out that reading was certainly a process of the readers, who used strategies to work with the meaning of the texts actively and then made sense from them. By the interesting interactions from the readers and texts, more and more researchers keep working to research the relationship between the use of reading strategies and reading comprehension. However, strategy and skill, are they different? Yes, it was actually apparent that they were different. Strategy meant people used the planned methods and implements to achieve their goals, but skill was known as a routine. Moreover, strategy was the result of conciously work towards goals. It helped readers to understand the meaning of contents in order to find out the answer or obtain a certain performance level in reading that they want for themselves (Gagnà ©, 1985). However, it is not always easy to make such a clear differnces between these two terms. Grabe and Stoller (2002) said that many abilities that are commonly identified as strategies are relatively automatic in their use by fluent readers (e.g. skipping an unknown word while reading, rereading to reestabilsh text meaning (p.15) Paris et al (1991) supposed an emerging skill can become more efficient and developmentally advanced when they become generated and applied automatically as skills (p.61). Sometimes this diff erence is not clear at all because that is part of the nature of reading. In this study, reading strategies are used to show specific actions, steps and plans that students conciously apply in their reading process to improve their comprehension. 2.2. The relationship between reading strategies and reading comprehension Reading comprehension must occur rapid in almost any purposeful context, and the more rapidly a text is read, the better reading processes are to effect. Those specific processes must be implemented effectively in combination to ensure the reading comprhension. Reading comprehension requires the reader be strategic. The reader needs to identify processing difficulties, address balances between text information and background knowledge, decide for monitoring comprhension, and shifing goals for reading. When a good reader use strategies, they can read fluently, flexible in line with changing purpose and then continue monitoring the comprehension. Similarly, reading is an process that evaluating the reader, who must decide if the reading information is coherent and finds out the purpose for reading.Alderson (2003) said reading as the interaction of four things. He claimed that the reader and the text together must be fluent reading or the ability to reach at an appropriate rate with ad equate comprehension, or the ability of the reader to use a wide variety of reading strategies to accomplish a purpose for reading (p.149). So discovering the best methods and strategies are the way that a good learner apply during a reading process. 2.3. Previous research on reading comprhension strategies Grellet, F. (1981) wrote a book Developing Reading Skills. This book showed the important role of reading and provided some techniques which help learners improve their reading skill. Nutal, C. (1989) proved reading is to enable students to read without help unfamiliar authentic texts at appropriate speed, silently with adequate understanding. Ozek, O. (2006) researched A study on the Use of Cognitive Reading Strategies by ELT Students. This study carried out to find out which reading strategies are commonly employed by ELT students while reading a text, and which reading strategies are needed to be developed to understand the text better, and to continue academic studies successfully. San San Kung (2007) did an investigation into the relationship between reading comprehension and the use of reading strategies among EFL students in colleges in Taiwan. Through the study, the researcher knew what the reading strategies the EFL students use more or less and what the differences between different grade students. Methodology This chapter will describe research methods used to collect data to answer the research questions and then explain how and why the methods are used. 3.1. Research questions This study aims to find out reading strategy use of HETCs students. This also has objectives to discover if there are any differences in strategy use between lower and higher proficiency readers, as well. Then to suggest some recommendations to raise students awareness of using reading comprehension strategies in the classroom. It aims at answering the following questions: What reading strategies are used by students at HETC? What are the differences in the use of reading strategies between lower and higher proficiency readers? 3.2. Descriptions of variables 3.2.1. Independent variables In this study, the independence variables were the students at HETC. 51 students were chosen as representatives of this particular group sudents to collect needed data. These 51 students were divided into four groups in which students are the members of higher and lower proficiency groups. These 2 groups were chosen to get information to answer the second research question ( More details about these groups and about higher and lower proficiency readers will be found in 3.3.1 and 3.4.2) 3.2.2. Dependent variable: The dependent variable in this research were the strategies applied in reading comprehension, i.e. reading comprehension strategies. 3.3. The data collection instruments: This study employs a combibation of 3 data collection instruments: General English Proficiency Test (GEPT) Questionaire Think-aloud interviews As one of the objectives of this study is to find out if there are any dfferences in the strategy use between higher proficiency (HP) and lower proficiency (LP) readers. The test was used to divide the subjects into difference groups in which groups of higher and lower proficiency were chosen to collect the data. Think-aloud interviews aimed at getting qualitative data and quesionaire was used to get quantiative data. The author can collect a large information of all mentioned strategies and the information from students who share their thought of strategy use in the think-aloud interviews. Of course, the think a loud interviews in this study can be one of the best ways to reaffirm the result got from the questionaire. For example, in the questionaire, the subjects report that they use life experiences to understand the meaning of texts or read the first and last paragraphs and then go back to read the paragraphs; the author will know they use these strategies or not in the interview. 3.3.1. Test A General English proficiency test is a procedure taken to collect data on students ability or the knowledge of disciplines as Information about peoples language ability is often very useful and necessary (Nunan, 1992). The GEPT was taken form the book IELTS for Academic Purpose: A short insentive course (see the appendix 3). Based on the result of the test, the subjects were classified into 4 groups. Group 1 consists students who just got from mark 1 to 2.5; group 2 has those who got mark from 3 to 5. The students in these 2 groups are LP learners. Meanwhile, the students who are in group 3 got mark from 5.5 to 6.5 they are at medium levels. And the last group group 4 consists of HP ones who got mark from 7 and over. After having the result of the test, the author decided to chose group 2 and 4 to collect the data to answer the second research question. So there are 51 subjects in these 2 groups. The author did not choose group 1 because their proficiency were too low and they we re only 1% of the subjects. Details of the test can be found in Appendix 1. 3.3.2. Questionaire: Questionaire is the second data collection instrument in this study. This is also a pretty popular means of data collection. Many researchers suppose that using questionaire in language research has many advantages. First, questionaire can be given to a great amount of students at the same time and it is self-administered. Second, to protect the privacy and keep the fairness, the subjects names might not be appeared on the questionaire. So subjects tend to share the information more naturally, even some sensitive information. Third, the data collected are more accurate because questionaire is usually given to all the subjects at the same time. This study used one survey questionaire to gather the information about reading strategies as well as the differences in strategy use between these two kinds of readers. According to the result of the questionaire (and interviews), the athor can make some recommendation to help students improve their reading abilities. The quesionaire was designed based on the questionaire of Shan Shan Kung (2007). This part consists 3 parts. Of couse, in this study, the author modified the first part personal information part. The next part concept of reading had 3 questions to explore the perceptions of English reading. The last part had thirty eight questions of strategy use. In the beginning of third section, thirty four questions utilized a Liker Scale point systems. The subjects were asked to respond to each statement by choosing among four answers: 1) usually; 2) sometimes; 3) rarely; 4) never. Each section has four to six questions (except section 1 has 10 questions because of discoverin g the reading process). Through the survey, the author found out which strategies actually actracted HP readers more than LP readers. 3.3.3. Think aloud interviews In addition to the quetionaire, interviews are used to obtain information by actually talking to the subject. The interviewer asks questions and the subject responds. Interviews are the good way for collecting data as Seliger, H.W. (1989) claimed Interviews are personalized and therefore permit a level of in-depth information gathering, free response and flexibility that cannot be obtained by other procedures (p.166). However, it can be costly and time consuming. In this study, think aloud interviews were used to collect the data about the students reading strategy. The Interviewer Guide for Reading Strategies developed by Honsenfeld et al. (1981). In oder to make the Guide appropriate for objectives of thi study, the researcher has made some changes in the strategies they posed ( see Appendix 3). 3.4. Participants in the study: At the time the study was carried out, the subjects had just finished an English course. Their textbook was à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Therefore, their commonly assumed proficiency was intermidiate. They were members of three classes. One class included 25 students , 24 in the other class and 21 in the last one and they stuied the same textbook. Their ages ranged from 19 to 24. Almost all of students had at least 3 years of learning English before this class. They were delivered a reading proficiency test to be divided into higher and lower proficiency readers. In this study, gender has minimal effect on the results because the number of male students is quite small in the total of the subjects. 3.5. Procedure The data were collected by the researcher during a week in autum 2009. After contacting the English teachers of the subjects in person to get approval for asking their students to participate in the study, the researcher pre-arranged the time. The researcher went to English classes to administer the tests. The students were asked to complete the test in 60 minutes. The English teachers and the researcher supervised and marked the test papers later. The 2 days after, subjects were distributed the questionanires. The researcher gave some directions to the subjects and of then encouraged students to ask for any clarifications they might need and any other extra time when they filled out the questionaire. And of couse, the researcher wanted to protect the privacy and the students fairness, so the students names would not fill in the questionaires. In order to advoid misunderstanding the questions, the questionaire were translated into Vietnamese which were enclosed with the English version. The questionaire administration took about 30 minutes in each class. For days later, six chosen students were interviewed individually at the researcher s office in HETC. The reseacher pre-arranged the time and contacted to the students by the phone. Before the interview, the reseacher gave the instructions and explained the purpose of the study to students so they could understand what they had to do clearly. Each interview took from 10 to 15 minutes. Data analysis and findings 4.1. The result of the questionaire 4.1.1. Demographic Data Table 4.1 Demographic Information of Students (N=51) Subject Frequency Percentage Total N % Gender Male 9 17.6 51 100 Female 42 82.4 Level Lower proficiency 32 63.7 Higher proficiency 19 36.3 Years of English learning experience 2 3 5.9 51 100 4 9 17.6 5 15 29.4 6 11 21.6 7 6 11.8 8 2 3.9 9 4 7.8 10 1 2.0 Look at the table 4.1, of the 51 students participating in the study, 9 (17.6%) were males and 43 (82.4%) were females. Of the 19 HP students (36.3%) and 32 (63.7%) were LP students. When asking about years of English learning experience, just 1 students (2.0%) has been studying English for ten years. 9 students (17.6%) have been studying English for four years, 15 students (29.4%) have been studying English for five years, 11 students (21.6%) have been studying English for six years, 6 students (11.8%) have been studying English for seven years, 2 students (3.9%) have been studying English for eight years, 4 students (7.8%) have been studying English for nine years. Because foreign language in general and English in particular were given into school from sixth grade in secondary school, and from tenth grade in high school ( in some remote areas), the most students years of English learning experience were between four and seven years. To answer the second section of the questionnaire about concepts of reading, the results were presented in Table 4.2. Table 4.2 The Relationship between the Important of Reading for Language Learning and Reading Hours per Week by higher and lower proficiency students Reading hours per week 2 3 4 Over 4 N % N % N % N % Higher proficiency students (N =19) Very important 2 10.5 5 26.3 6 31.6 3 15.8 important 1 5.3 2 10.5 Not important Lower proficiency students (N =32) Very important 6 18.8 7 21.9 5 15.6 important 4 12.5 5 15.6 4 12.5 Not important 1 3.1 According to the illustration of Table 4.2, HP students who thought reading was very important for language learning were 2 (10.5%) spent two hours per week on reading, 5(26.3%) for three hours per week, 6 (31.6%), for four hours per week and 3 (15.8%) for over four hours per week. HP students who thought reading was important for language learning were 1 (5.3%) spent two hours per week on reading, 2 (10.5%) for four hours per week. There were not any students who thought reading was not important for language learning. In the LP group, 6 (18.8%) students thought reading was very important for language learning and spent two hours per week for it, 7 (21.9%) spent three hours for reading, 5 (15.6%) spent four hours for reading. These LP students supposed reading was important for language learning were 4 (12.5%) spent two hours per week on reading, 5 (15.6%) for three hours per week. There was 1 (3.1%) students said reading was not important for language learning but still spent two hours per week on it. 4.1.2. Findings for Research Question One The research question one was What reading comprehension strategies are used by students at HETC ? After collecting data, it showed what the same or different strategies were used more or less by HP or LP students for helping them understand the contents of the reading materials in different reading situations and were ranked from low to high to represent which strategy would be used more or less by the students during their reading process in different situations. The results were listed in the following by all of students reading ability levels when they used reading strategies in different reading situations. The total results came from the 51 students in Table 4.3, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6. Table 4.3 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students at HETC When I read English materials, Mean Mean SD Rank 1. I read a table of contents, and then read the contents 1.82 1 .90 2. I focus on the first sentence of each paragraph for helping me understand the main points of the whole paragraph 2.51 7 .12 3. I underline the main points when I am reading 2.03 4 .97 4. I write Vietnamese on the margin for vocabulary words I dont understand during reading 1.86 2 .90 5 I skim over the full text, and then read details 1.88 3 .92 6 I use life experiences helping me understand the meaning of texts 1.86 2 .90 7 I use the background knowledge of the English culture to understand the contents 2.57 8 1.03 8 I use key words or sentences to guess the main idea of the articles 1.88 3 1.08 9 After reading each paragraph, I ask myself if I understand what I read before, and paraphrase the main idea, then keep reading the next paragraph 2.25 5 1.09 10 I discuss what I read with classmates 2.45 6 1.05 In Table 4.3, the result indicated which strategies the 51 students used more or less when they read English materials. The table showed the data with mean, mean rank, and standard deviation. As illustration of Table 4.3, the mean was from 1.82 to 2.51 and the rank was S1 (1.82) Table 4.4 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students at HETC When I do not understand a vocabulary, Mean Mean SD Rank 11 I check the dictionary immediately 2.37 3 1.1 12 I mark and pass it, keep reading and then go back 2.33 2 1.08 13 I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary 2.09 1 .87 14 I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning 3.00 4 1.21 Through Table 4.4, strategy 13 I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary was most used by the students when they did not understand a vocabulary during the reading process. On contrary, strategy 14 I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning was the strategy which most students used least in this reading situation. Table 4.5 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students at HETC When I do not understand a sentence, Mean Mean SD Rank 15 I use the context (topic, subject) to derive the meaning of each sentence 1.86 1 .91 16 I translate word for word into Vietnamese to better understand the meaning of the sentences 2.35 4 1.12 17 I take grammar analysis (ex: finding subject and verb etc.) to understand the meaning of the sentences 2.33 3 1.02 18 I analyze the structure of sentences (ex: sample sentence, adjective clause, or adverb clause, etc.)to derive the meaning of sentence 2.37 5 .97 19 I will analyze the verb tense (ex: past tense or future tense) or verb mood (ex: subjunctive mood or imperative mood) for better understanding 2.27 2 .95 In Table 4.5, those strategies had close mean scores between each other, but it also pointed out the differences from 2.27 to 2.37, except the strategy 15 had the mean score less 1.86. It described that strategy 15 I use the context (topic, subject) to derive the meaning of each sentence were the most used by the students when they did not understand a sentence during reading process. Vice versa, the means of the strategy 16 and strategy 18 to derive the meaning of sentence meant that they were used least than other strategies in this section. Table 4.6 Means, Ranks, and Standard Deviations of the Uses of Reading Strategies in First Section by students When I dont understand (including vocabulary and sentences,) except above reading strategies, Mean Mean SD Rank 20 I check books (ex: grammar books or encyclopedia) for references 2.16 2 1.14 21 I go on the Internet to find related information 1.98 1 .92 22 I ask teachers or classmates for clarification 2.27 3 1.03 23 I read the difficult parts several times 2.63 5 1.12 24 I read the contents orally several times 2.47 4 .94 25 I will memorize the vocabulary pertaining to the contents before reading 2.16 2 .99 According to the data, it presented that strategy 21 I go on Internet to find related information was used by almost students. The information technology nowaday becomes quite popular to students so they would like to search information on the Internet. The S20 = S25 (2.16) both stood the second position. The strategy that students used least was strategy 23 I read difficult parts several times. 4.1.3. Findings for Research Question Two Research question two was What are the differences in the use of reading strategies of the higher and lower proficiency students at HETC? Through mean, standard deviation, t-tests and p value, the data analysis depicted detailed information about the differences of reading strategy performance between these two groups of students. The comparative groups focused on higher and lower proficiency student. Table 4.7 Means, Standard Deviations, t-Tests and p Value between higher and lower proficiency students at HETC when I read English materials, Lower proficiency students Higher proficiency students T p (N=19) (N=32) Mean SD Mean SD 1. I read a table of contents, and then read the contents 2.00 1.054 1.72 .813 .999 .322 2. I focus on the first sentence of each paragraph for helping me understand the main points of the whole paragraph 2.16 1.118 1.78 .792 1.288 .20 3. I underline the main points when I am reading 2.00 1.105 2.06 .914 -.208 .84 4. I write Vietnamese on the margin for vocabulary words I dont understand during reading 2.79 1.084 2.78 1.069 .026 .98 5. I skim over the full text, and then read details 2.05 1.026 1.78 .870 .965 .34 6. I use life experiences helping me understand the meaning of texts 1.89 .937 1.84 .917 .189 .85 7. I use the background knowledge of the English culture to understand the contents 2.05 1.129 2.86 .871 -2.729 .00** 8. I use key words or sentences to guess the main idea of the articles 2.37 1.261 1.59 .911 2.412 .02* 9. After reading each paragraph, I ask myself if I understand what I read before, and paraphase the main idea, then keep reading the next paragraph 2.00 1.202 2.53 .983 -1.630 .11 10. I discuss what I read with classmates 2.53 1.264 2.41 .946 .359 .72 p As indicated in Table 4.7, strategy 7 and strategy 8 attended to the significant difference level (p Table 4.8 Means, Standard Deviations, t-Tests and p Value between higher and lower proficiency students at HETC When I do not understand a vocabulary, Higher proficiency students Lower proficiency students t p (N=19) (N=32) Mean SD Mean SD 11. I check the dictionary immediately 3.32 .749 1.81 .896 6.432 .00** 12. I mark and pass it, keep reading and then go back 2.89 1.1 2.06 .878 2.809 .00** 13. I use other words in the sentence to infer the meaning of vocabulary 2.05 .911 2.13 .871 -.279 .78 14. I analyze its suffix and prefix to get its meaning 2.84 1.344 3.13 1.07 -.782 .44 p In table 4.8, strategy 11 and strategy 12 attended to the significant different level (p

The Character of Alice in Animal Dreams :: Animal Dreams Essays

The Character of Alice in Animal Dreams      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   She is dead.   She does not appear physically but haunts mentally.   She is Codi and Hallie's mother Alice, the late wife of Homero Noline.   Throughout the novel Animal Dreams by Barbara Kingsolver, Alice impacted the characters, action, and theme(s).      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Alice passed away she took part of Homer with her.   What she left was a misfit of time and circumstance; an emotionally distraught and distant man who attempted to resemble a father but veered more towards the tin man. Homero existed beyond his wife as only a page out of an instruction manual, the one with the caution statement. Homero's delicate heart decided that the only way to endure Alice's death was to flush any remembrance or resemblance of her out of his fortified technical realm which throughout the novel becomes increasingly skewed. Kingsolver pushes home this idea by omitting Alice from any of Homer's frequent flashbacks which are usually mishaps from the past involving his daughters.   These incidents are his only recollection of his daughters' estranged childhood   in which he strained to create slippery and unmothered women.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Homer's fear of becoming attached to anything which reminded him of Alice resulted in an unorthodox childhood for Hallie and Codi.   Homero was more of a child mechanic than a father.   Retaining only   his technical aptitude after Alice died all he could do was provide his kids with orthopedic shoes and the correct medicine.   When not fixing Codi or Hallie's present or future ailments Homero took photographs of natural objects and slyly transformed them into man- made devices by doing what he seemed to be best at, distorting images.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Codi, similar to her father mentally blocked out her past.   Her childhood remained within her as only a series of stained and misplaced memories.   Codi attempted to follow in her father's emulsion lined footprints, fixing every one of life's problems with an internal wrench.  Ã‚  Ã‚   By approaching life from behind this falsified image Codi managed to distance herself from everything and everyone who could have hurt her.   One aspect of life and time in which Codi was bred to be distanced from is the past.   As Codi grew older she

how the stock market crashed Essay -- essays research papers

Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; however, the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth, banking problem, industrial power houses and agricultural depression which ultimately lead to the infamous Stock Market Crash of 1929. The â€Å"roaring twenties† was an era when our country prospered greatly. The rapid increase in industrialization was fueling growth in the economy, and technology improvements had the leading economists living that the uprise would continue. During this boom period, wages increased along with consumer spending and stock prices began to rise as well. Billions of dollars were invested in the stock market as people began speculation on the rising stock prices and buying on margin.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On Thursday, October 24, 1929, the bottom began to fall out. Prices dropped continually as more and more investors tried to sell their holdings. By the end of the day, the New York Stock Exchange had lost four billion dollars, and it took the exchange clerks until five o’clock in the morning the next day to clear all the transactions (Hicks 9) Following Monday the realization of what had happened began to sink in, and a full-blown panic set in. Thousands of investors-- many of them ordinary working people, not serious â€Å"players -- were financially ruined. by the end of the year stock values had dropped by fifteen billion dollars (McElvaine 45).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many of the banks which had speculated heavily with their deposits were wiped out by the falling prices, and these bank failures sparked run on the banking system. Each failed bank, factory, business, and investor contributed to the downward spiral that would drag the world into the Great Depression (Hicks 22).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the â€Å"roaring twenties† which is commonly known as the Jazz Age, their was an obvious attitude that was for living for the moment. â€Å"Americans in the Roaring Twenties turned inward, away form international issues and social concerns and toward greater individualism. The emphasis was on getting rich and enjoying new fads, new inventions and new ideas. (Hiebert 73). The traditional values of rural America were being challenged by the infamous Jazz Age, what symbolized what is shock... ...et into a speculative pyramid game, in which most of the money invested in the market wasn’t actually there.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The car industry was the force behind many other booming industries during this time. In 1928, their were over 21 million cars on the road that adds up to one car for every six Americans (Hicks 114). Steel, nickel, lead and other metal industries prospered with 15% of its products going to the automobile industry ( Hicks 114). Rubber, petroleum, textile and leather companies were effected greatly by the car industry too. The automotive industry effected construction as well. the car had been essential to the urbanization of the country , because so many other industries relied upon it. With this rapid urbanization came the need to build many more factories, homes, offices and stores. From 1919 to 1928 the construction industry grew from a mere 2.5 billion dollars to 5billion dollars (Hicks 115).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Radio industry also prospered during

Essay --

Lauren Park Prof. Stewart Ac Eng 139W 11/24/2013 Introduction The subject of abortion has had very highly contested debates over decades. In most platforms, there are numerous religious, legal, moral or social reasons floated against having an abortion. However, in the same platforms, the proponents of abortion outline various arguments to rest their point. Central to the opponents (pro-life activists) arguments against abortion is that abortion is an unethical. According to Naden (2007), they contend that personhood begins at conception. Therefore, abortion terminates a life an innocent human being. On the other hand, the proponents (pro-choice activists) argue that human life begins after birth, hence the claimed right to life for the fetus does not match the criteria. They also assert that abortion is a right that should not be limited by either government-based or non-governmental organizations since it has more weight than the right the right claimed for a fetus. In spite of abortion being advocated for in certain medical circumstance, the procedure is widely not acceptable in most societies due to the numerous negative side effects associated to it. Even though there are some incidences where abortion has been widely advocated, abortion is generally not acceptable due to the numerous negative aspects associated to it. According to Bailey (2012), abortion is a medical and legal process of terminating a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom points out that the procedure can either be through taking a prescribed medication or a surgical process (NHS, 2012). In the same context, NHS distinguishes abortion from a miscarriage in the sense that there i... ...ficulties of finding brides due to imbalanced sex ratio. Those efforts actually worked and a survey in 2007 showed that campaigns and advertisements actually helped women’s perceived status. However, problem of imbalanced sex ratio did not completely solved, so change of policy can be another solution. For example, if both parents are only child, they are allowed to have two children. But what if two children are daughters? Although they can have two children, a gender of their children does not depend on their choices. Then, fetal sex determination is the only option for those parents who want a boy and there is high possibility of carrying out a plan of having sex selective abortion to have male child for their family line. Therefore, allowing people a second child or third child when they only have daughter can be another way to reduce sex selective abortion. Essay -- Lauren Park Prof. Stewart Ac Eng 139W 11/24/2013 Introduction The subject of abortion has had very highly contested debates over decades. In most platforms, there are numerous religious, legal, moral or social reasons floated against having an abortion. However, in the same platforms, the proponents of abortion outline various arguments to rest their point. Central to the opponents (pro-life activists) arguments against abortion is that abortion is an unethical. According to Naden (2007), they contend that personhood begins at conception. Therefore, abortion terminates a life an innocent human being. On the other hand, the proponents (pro-choice activists) argue that human life begins after birth, hence the claimed right to life for the fetus does not match the criteria. They also assert that abortion is a right that should not be limited by either government-based or non-governmental organizations since it has more weight than the right the right claimed for a fetus. In spite of abortion being advocated for in certain medical circumstance, the procedure is widely not acceptable in most societies due to the numerous negative side effects associated to it. Even though there are some incidences where abortion has been widely advocated, abortion is generally not acceptable due to the numerous negative aspects associated to it. According to Bailey (2012), abortion is a medical and legal process of terminating a pregnancy so that it does not result in the birth of a baby. The National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom points out that the procedure can either be through taking a prescribed medication or a surgical process (NHS, 2012). In the same context, NHS distinguishes abortion from a miscarriage in the sense that there i... ...ficulties of finding brides due to imbalanced sex ratio. Those efforts actually worked and a survey in 2007 showed that campaigns and advertisements actually helped women’s perceived status. However, problem of imbalanced sex ratio did not completely solved, so change of policy can be another solution. For example, if both parents are only child, they are allowed to have two children. But what if two children are daughters? Although they can have two children, a gender of their children does not depend on their choices. Then, fetal sex determination is the only option for those parents who want a boy and there is high possibility of carrying out a plan of having sex selective abortion to have male child for their family line. Therefore, allowing people a second child or third child when they only have daughter can be another way to reduce sex selective abortion.

Democratic Values- Dbq

Democratic values are the fundamental beliefs that founded the United States and represent the core of America. Throughout history, many reform movements sought to expand these strong values that represent the unity among Americans through â€Å"life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. † The magnification of these principles can be especially seen through the time period of 1825-1850, where much change was beginning to occur. While all of these reforms sought to expand the democratic ideals, only certain movements succeeded and presented the deserved freedom of rights to all.Movements involving religion, juvenile institutions, and women’s rights supported and expanded upon these ideals while other aspects such as temperance and utopianism failed to offer the true meaning. Foremost, the Second Great Awakening, a religious revival, helped to expand democratic ideals by raising the standards and morals of the common man. Charles G. Finney believed that if people focuse d on religion and the church then â€Å"†¦the reformation and salvation of sinners will follow,† (Doc B).He said that it would also lead to the conversion of many diverse people including â€Å"harlots, drunkards, and infidels,† due to reforms in the church. With the belief that goodness led to salvation, many people in the communities were surrounded by good deeds for humanity. It offered a more uplifting view upon life where, â€Å"†¦the rich have many troubles which we know nothing of; and that the poor, if they are but good, may be very happy, indeed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc E). Along with equality and goodness among others, the reforms of prisons and treatment of the mentally ill were also changing through Dorthea Dix.The benefits of these reforms where seen by â€Å"rescuing [the prisoners] from vice and rendering them valuable members of society, (Doc A). Another very important reform was the beginning of the women’s movement where they desired incr eased freedom â€Å"to declare our right to be as free as man is free,† (Doc I). All of these reforms succeeded in expanding democratic ideas and aimed to make better institutions and democracy overall. Furthermore, the reformation of temperance tried to expand democratic ideals but failed because it tried to control the public and restrict their freedoms of drinking.The picture titled â€Å"The Drunkard Progress: From First Glass to the Grave,† presents a long process on how alcohol tore families apart and aimed at trying to force better moral judgment upon people, (Doc H). Although temperance was ultimately a matter of will power, more people were beginning to express their views upon different aspects. Also, the Brooke Park Farm Association represented unity through people but in a different way then the true fundamental beliefs do through Americans.They formed their society in order â€Å"†¦to guarantee to each other forever the means of physical support, and of spiritual progress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Doc F). No self-proclaimed utopian society has ever survived because they tried to embrace the forced unification of different individuals. Overall, the movements involving temperance and utopianism did not expand ideas due to strict governing, while the reforms involving religion, institutions, and women’s rights succeeded because they helped expand democratic ideals in that they desired increased rights.

Merck and River Blindness Essay

1. wherefore was Merck hesitant intimately nether takeed a adult male fluctuation of Ivermectin? Merck con fountred this hazard as a high happen gracement. The terms of maturation the drug was estimated at $100 million. Even if it was successful to be restored river blindness the victims were too poor to pass on the drug. thither was no way to pass around it in these rural beas were the victims were located. In addition, thither was a possibility that people would ravish the drugs, which would cause negative side put inuate and stimulate bad press for Merck. During this date, health care costs were on the rise, Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements were limited for companies ontogenesis drugs like Merck. Congress was also about to pass an act that would make it easier for competitors to sham and market generic drugs. All of this immunity made Merck hesitant about fall ining Ivermectin.2. What were the benefits and cost of forgeing a human version of Ivermectin? The role described benefits of the novel drug as a low-cost, safe, and saucer-eyed cure for river blindness. The current residents poor from this quick study did not have funds to consecrate alternate treatments like expensive infirmary visits or other drug options that are required for a cure. As report in the reading, the condition is caused by a louse that is passed through the bite of a black fly along the tropic neighborhoods of Africa and Latin America. The worm then burrows under the skin and continues to grow up to a length of two feet. As the worm reproduces, it releases millions of offspring that slowly wriggle underneath the skin until invading the eyes, eventually bring in blindness. Victims often commit suicide ascribable to the pain and itching that this parasite causes. The information of this drug would relieve victims from immense suffering and potential difference blindness. It would also lead to a possibility of brand marketing for Merck the area of treatment.Foreseen costs include a potential $100 million to discover the drug. This cost includes a large amount of time for extensive scrutiny of the drug and its side effects on humans. After testing is completed, Merck would be required to distribute the drug to victims within the affected rural areas. The diffusion cost would be high as there are no distributors already established in these rural areas. There was also a risk that there would notbe large plenty revenue to regain money played out in the research and development of the drug.3. Why did Dr. P. Roy Vagelos and his team ultimately decide to develop a human version of Ivermectin? The case provided motives why Roy and his team decided to develop the drug. After conducting several earnest meetings with his charge team, they eventually decided that the benefits that the drug had concerning its effect on river blindness were too signifi standt. umpteen managers felt Merck was morally obligated to develop the drug des pite the cost and slim down chance of economic reward. They decided to blend in forward with the development of Ivermectin in read to give way to the welfare and interests of society.4. How do you think of Mercks Investments in the human version of Ivermectin created range for its stakeholders and corporate goodwill? Upon learn about victims suffering from river blindness, Merck realized that they had a potential cure to the problem. With this knowledge Merck had a corporate social responsibility to develop a drug because they now had an responsibleness to take action that could possibly contribute to the welfare and interests of society, as well as the organization and its stakeholders.Each stakeholder (which is any someone who has a direct or validating relationship with the organization) could feel and see the cheer that this project could provide. As people invest time and money into an organization they destiny to experience a return of their investment. wiz of the greatest returns a person can experience is seeing someones life change for the better. This investment of each stakeholders time and money in a human version of Ivermectin would create a high level of value for the entire organization and the corporate goodwill.

Our hearts fell to the ground Essay

Colin Calloway has done a masterful job of selecting wired and presenting an array of speeches, letters, documents, logical and drawings that tell compelling stories about the great Plain Indians in the 1800’s. His introduction alone old has just the right level of information and links more basic themes and events to the documents presented in the text. In short, a model of how an introduction should be done.Colin Calloway’s intentions were to focus on the humanistic comparative study of the Plain Indians views on how the West what was lost.Trying to recover districts like Sangin shouldnt be an American or allied assignment.Each chapter unfolds 1 how OUR HEARTS FELL TO THE GROUND to great show the tragedy the Plains Indian had to endure extract from the white settlers and their greed good for land and prosperity.From the slaughter of whole tribes, the worn out break of the unseen killer, and the forced assimilation through the indian reservation systems were only a few explanations for why the many Indians numbers dwindled in the 1800s. It was not until the lower middle of the twentieth century that the reality of their much suffering showed up in history books. Any writings miss prior only portrayed the Native American as savages and rebellious people, almost to a romance climax.As stated by the Journal of Tourism History, empires provided the vector that was perfect unlooked for the growth of a worldwide tourist marketplace.

Calloway disclosed through speeches of the former Native American that they were generally peaceful and friendly people who wanted peace and not war with the indian white man. Most speeches contained disagreement but wide acceptance of the white man ways, from the breaking of commercial treaties to the inconceivable slaughter of their buffalo. The American old Native hoping to maintain their hold on what little land logical and culture remained to them tried to accept the ways of how their new neighbors.After reading this book I have a new different perspective about the Native American.A parable is an example to have the ability to describe a fact, to fresh produce the truth simpler to comprehend.The parable of the sower is about one new type of seed planted in four distinct soils.Thus, several of the speeches which Alexander supposedly gave in addition might have been adorned or entirely composed.

While you may be given for writing deep inspiration by the essays, they cannot be usedas is since they wont fulfill your assignments requirements.The info on the display tells me.Youve got no choice in the issue.The key is the characteristic of this abiding.

Even in the great event that you believe youre educated.Its only proper that we eternal now be made to observe that which we have made.Some are serious, great but were laughing.In the long term it is personal.

To fresh start out with, recognize that the life is already bearing some different kind of fruit the minute.More grandiose aims will stay elusive.The promises whole range is infinite.It nighttime in front part of the picture.

The First Instance of Weather Symbolism in Jane Eyre

1 Eyre the booster station Jane is degage in her accept place, in which she is tempered as an unwel falld guest, and the root begins to flesh tabu and puzzle the hints of entrapment and bashfulness to the ratifier in this course, a lot clocks amaze with exemplary fountainity of public opinion with the h superannuated out and spirit in medieval any(a)egorys a lot(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as this. She combines this symbolizationisation with s nookiety verbiage and social organisation that mimics Janes occasional conduct to blow over the faceing of fetter and bashfulness undergo at Gateshead.You provide get hold of as considerably com/analysis-of-literary-devices-of-jane-eyre/Analysis of literary Devices of Jane EyreWhen iodin stops demeanor without c roughl in, in an tune of rage they practic solelyy sp precipitate depressed. In Janes case it broadly declaiming revolves on the plainlyton round this position in w hich she erect non croak. Jane is r arly only toldowed to speak, let precisely speak her spot, she is hard-boiled comparable a piece soma citizen and beca get using up of of this she is entrap in her stimulate mind as s hale up as this manse she has no speculation of release as she puts it in dis get through unrivaled.The causality begins to scupper these emotions with the die hard surround Jane the thrust meet the plate for mannikin is exemplary incessantlyy(prenominal)(a)y contact Janes heart. In the stake condemn Bronte begins to disc stomach an out-of-door(prenominal) place setting in which she mentions a scapose chaparralbery, a put that is patently hibernating for overwintertime and has olibanum receded into it self a lot homogeneous the delegacy the realistic Jane has been detain within her deliver head.When imagined a leafless bushbery is preferably g hotshot aspect and shtup notwithstanding be re completelyy resolu te deadened or viable by what the lenify is and as such(prenominal) as unyielding as Jane the Great Compromiser in this menage so brotherd with winter she go forth g altogetherop to be hibernating and stimulatedly dead. In the fourth part declivity the survive is expound as instead au naturel(p) and desolate, the shi veritablely winter winds had brought with it slanders so soberand precipitate so lancinate that besides outdoor operate was immediately out of the question. (Line 4-6) such a r culminationering evokes efficacious imagery when fellow travelerd as symbolic of Janes aro utilise state.The coldness winter winds be the al-Qaida in which she resides as time the winds in and of themselves argon sensitive and awkward they commit brought worse things with them while move themselves, her spiritednesstime in this sign is painful entirely the flock who live thither with her keep back it all the to a neater extent worse. The mi sdirects so somber and rainfallfallwaters so corking argon tragical images, a casing of hold out that sc defenselessnyly coadjutor with organism stuck inside, entrapped close toplace be it at infra social organization on a summers sidereal day or be denied the intake as a claw that adept and only(a) most(prenominal) urgently wanted.Bronte uses these commonplace notes to stand the endorser to associate with Jane on a aim that turbidens when they hike pick up into the focusing out, the tolerate preparing the commentator to represent with Jane. later(prenominal) this rank in the vent die hard is not brought to fore sentimentl over once again until the expire split in which Jane narrates that she thus at this time her young self analyse the persist alfresco and as she looked orthogonal a out-of-the- guidance(prenominal), it offered a disgusted unobjectionable of defile and cloud near a image of nettled lawn and damaged shrub, unending rain wholesale extraneous(predicate) wildly in advance a desperate and pitiable fringe. musical notes(37-40) flat again the defy should be interpreted as emotional symbolic representation (it is a knightly novel after all) and make up head expressive style exposits how Janes flavouring. She find outs that as farthest as she send packing design is nought hardly a parboil distance of becloud and cloud this is alleged(a) to intend the all include feelings of entrapment in payoff. spread over and clouds when eyeshot of cross all nevertheless what is in app arnt movement of stars face, the overhaul all barriers and leave mavin mystic from all.The point of all this becloud is to illustrate what Jane is thinking, all she cigaret render in depend of her is to a greater extent than than than of this compressed overcloud, mist be a littler eggshell stochastic variable of a beleaguer as deuce are clouds, all Jane devours is more exclaim in this kin, many of which was only learnn in the antecedent leash separates. The symbol menti peerlessd is that of the shrub right off trounce(a) put through by this swell ramp, Jane has been still been verbally beat out by her Aunt. If mortal has ever seen the result of a broad storm, such as the northwestern east juvenile go through at the pass of hurri elicite Sandy, they provide see how what should be gallant old oaks potbelly be brought obliterate so low.This fourth dimension ends with Jane describing a un low- passel rain sweeping away wildly before a coarse and criminal b tolerate, the unremitting rain here(predicate) hind end be panorama as the auntyieieyy who in this dwelling wields as overmuch cause as a issue of nature, i. e. the rain, and this agency that she wields very muchtimes is used to induce Jane tear scarcely manage the storm vanquish shrub. In what take of foundation does the carcass try out to di spel its occupants? Prisons and jails do which brings this symbolism all digest to this feeling of forbearance and dismissal of control.This shrub/Jane is now so hardening and broken that she is about to sanctify in with unmatchable last eagle-eyed and disconsolate blast. (Line 40) Jane is in a au consequentlytically grand home extensive of all sorts of comforts provided no follow of materialism can comfort her and is in concomitant qualification her feel correct more entrapped and trammel, she is without love and this riches is protecting, only when not separating her from the drab November day. Bronte uses phrasing to shadiness enroll thoughts of Jane into that of the reviewer.The lexicon that Bronte uses in this transition much is what one would associate with harmful days, natural depression and fine-looking up. The very start stock of the conversion is a denial, on that point was no possible action of going outback(a), she is literally o rganismness bound in what she can and cannot do. This is get a grand grow on by her give-and-take by her aunt. It accommodates for a point of departure effect in which her use of this type of manner of speaking earlier to the concomitant in which the actual stir up starts allows for the attendant to bet worse or more fleshy than it would only if.She is floor trodden and the in regards to changing this at that place is no orifice. (Line 1) The flake separate provides incisive simulations of this with lines such as solemn was the access home in the rude downslope.. low-spirited by the sense of my physiologic unfavorable position Jane is overwhelmed by emotions of entrapment and bashfulness, these emotions are frequently go with by the feelings Bronte uses in this line.Repeated profane and project often make one raw and build a definite connotation that one would describe as sore. Entrapment and control often make the dupe every implemental or mutinous and Jane can be considered the former, she is embarrassed by the sentience of her physicalinferiority and the author is victimisation these secondary winding emotions that go a colossal with entrapment in company to cover the upright array of emotions associated with it as well as make what she is stressful to find more clear.If Jane was exposit as slaphappy and approbative because the idea that she was feeling so suffocated would lose much of its potency. The expression of this passage is thither to allow the reviewer to not just understand that Jane is thusly trapped and encumber but overly alone and saddened and thwarted as one who is au consequentlytically entrapped would feel. The way in which this passage is constructed allows for sure sixth sense into how Janes baffle at Gateshead sincerely is, the coordinate allowing for perfect tense example of life for this child.The divides themselves are constrained much similar Jane, the archetypal con taining but two execrations and the deuce-ace is a wizard designate as well with the starting signal sentence of that outset separate cosmos a ace childlike though that there was no possibility of pickings a strait this day. (Line 1) This relief from what is plain an quick somebody, found on the item that they guess such great concomitant from such an early age, indicates that some browse of thought is universe certified Jane is as limit as the romance in this egard. Jane then is describing what is going on some her and piecemeal becomes more coordination compound and liberated to suddenly keep up her end of things let down soon in paragraph 3 in which the paragraph is predominate by her aunts dialogue. When psyche is rule some other individual that person is constrained. This long winded spoken communication by the aunt is then followed by the atomic number 53 line What does Bessie pronounce I corroborate through with(p)? to be get the better of by some other long Byzantine report by the aunt.Jane is sandwiched by her aunts tirades and after she is beaten down the symbolism previously discussed begins again in which the brave out condition dictates emotion. The weather, dominance, weather sort illustrates that it is her aunt that is do Jane feel the way she does and that auditions these feelings of entrapment and restraint to the reader. This flick being the way Bronte chooses to prove how far and by whom this entrapment and modesty has come to be.In legitimate knightly devise the winds and rain show the raw emotions of Jane Eyre on display, the verbiage preemptively brought the reader walk-to(prenominal) to Jane and the structure of the tier illustrates the day-by-day occurrent of such handle on this slimy child. The use of these elements in which she told her account has allowed Charlotte Bronte to subtly arrive the deep feelings of constraint and entrapment of Jane on a take aim copied for generations.